Contracts¶

Calls¶

call¶

Makes a call to an account, optionally transferring some balance.

# Parameters

dest: Address of the contract to call.
value: The balance to transfer from the origin to dest.
gas_limit: The gas limit enforced when executing the constructor.
storage_deposit_limit: The maximum amount of balance that can be charged from the caller to pay for the storage consumed.
data: The input data to pass to the contract.
If the account is a smart-contract account, the associated code will be executed and any value will be transferred.
If the account is a regular account, any value will be transferred.
If no account exists and the call value is not less than existential_deposit, a regular account will be created and any value will be transferred.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
dest	`AccountIdLookupOf<T>`
value	`BalanceOf<T>`
gas_limit	`Weight`
storage_deposit_limit	`Option<<BalanceOf<T> as codec::HasCompact>::Type>`
data	`Vec<u8>`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'call', {
    'data': 'Bytes',
    'dest': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
    'gas_limit': {
        'proof_size': 'u64',
        'ref_time': 'u64',
    },
    'storage_deposit_limit': (
        None,
        'u128',
    ),
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

call_old_weight¶

Deprecated version if [Self::call] for use in an in-storage Call.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
dest	`AccountIdLookupOf<T>`
value	`BalanceOf<T>`
gas_limit	`OldWeight`
storage_deposit_limit	`Option<<BalanceOf<T> as codec::HasCompact>::Type>`
data	`Vec<u8>`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'call_old_weight', {
    'data': 'Bytes',
    'dest': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
    'gas_limit': 'u64',
    'storage_deposit_limit': (
        None,
        'u128',
    ),
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

instantiate¶

Instantiates a contract from a previously deployed wasm binary.

This function is identical to [Self::instantiate_with_code] but without the code deployment step. Instead, the code_hash of an on-chain deployed wasm binary must be supplied.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
value	`BalanceOf<T>`
gas_limit	`Weight`
storage_deposit_limit	`Option<<BalanceOf<T> as codec::HasCompact>::Type>`
code_hash	`CodeHash<T>`
data	`Vec<u8>`
salt	`Vec<u8>`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'instantiate', {
    'code_hash': 'scale_info::12',
    'data': 'Bytes',
    'gas_limit': {
        'proof_size': 'u64',
        'ref_time': 'u64',
    },
    'salt': 'Bytes',
    'storage_deposit_limit': (
        None,
        'u128',
    ),
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

instantiate_old_weight¶

Deprecated version if [Self::instantiate] for use in an in-storage Call.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
value	`BalanceOf<T>`
gas_limit	`OldWeight`
storage_deposit_limit	`Option<<BalanceOf<T> as codec::HasCompact>::Type>`
code_hash	`CodeHash<T>`
data	`Vec<u8>`
salt	`Vec<u8>`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'instantiate_old_weight', {
    'code_hash': 'scale_info::12',
    'data': 'Bytes',
    'gas_limit': 'u64',
    'salt': 'Bytes',
    'storage_deposit_limit': (
        None,
        'u128',
    ),
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

instantiate_with_code¶

Instantiates a new contract from the supplied code optionally transferring some balance.

This dispatchable has the same effect as calling [Self::upload_code] + [Self::instantiate]. Bundling them together provides efficiency gains. Please also check the documentation of [Self::upload_code].

# Parameters

value: The balance to transfer from the origin to the newly created contract.
gas_limit: The gas limit enforced when executing the constructor.
storage_deposit_limit: The maximum amount of balance that can be charged/reserved from the caller to pay for the storage consumed.
code: The contract code to deploy in raw bytes.
data: The input data to pass to the contract constructor.
salt: Used for the address derivation. See [Pallet::contract_address].

Instantiation is executed as follows:

The supplied code is instrumented, deployed, and a code_hash is created for that code.
If the code_hash already exists on the chain the underlying code will be shared.
The destination address is computed based on the sender, code_hash and the salt.
The smart-contract account is created at the computed address.
The value is transferred to the new account.
The deploy function is executed in the context of the newly-created account.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
value	`BalanceOf<T>`
gas_limit	`Weight`
storage_deposit_limit	`Option<<BalanceOf<T> as codec::HasCompact>::Type>`
code	`Vec<u8>`
data	`Vec<u8>`
salt	`Vec<u8>`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'instantiate_with_code', {
    'code': 'Bytes',
    'data': 'Bytes',
    'gas_limit': {
        'proof_size': 'u64',
        'ref_time': 'u64',
    },
    'salt': 'Bytes',
    'storage_deposit_limit': (
        None,
        'u128',
    ),
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

instantiate_with_code_old_weight¶

Deprecated version if [Self::instantiate_with_code] for use in an in-storage Call.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
value	`BalanceOf<T>`
gas_limit	`OldWeight`
storage_deposit_limit	`Option<<BalanceOf<T> as codec::HasCompact>::Type>`
code	`Vec<u8>`
data	`Vec<u8>`
salt	`Vec<u8>`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'instantiate_with_code_old_weight', {
    'code': 'Bytes',
    'data': 'Bytes',
    'gas_limit': 'u64',
    'salt': 'Bytes',
    'storage_deposit_limit': (
        None,
        'u128',
    ),
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

remove_code¶

Remove the code stored under code_hash and refund the deposit to its owner.

A code can only be removed by its original uploader (its owner) and only if it is not used by any contract.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
code_hash	`CodeHash<T>`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'remove_code', {'code_hash': 'scale_info::12'}
)

set_code¶

Privileged function that changes the code of an existing contract.

This takes care of updating refcounts and all other necessary operations. Returns an error if either the code_hash or dest do not exist.

# Note

This does not change the address of the contract in question. This means that the contract address is no longer derived from its code hash after calling this dispatchable.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
dest	`AccountIdLookupOf<T>`
code_hash	`CodeHash<T>`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'set_code', {
    'code_hash': 'scale_info::12',
    'dest': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
}
)

upload_code¶

Upload new code without instantiating a contract from it.

If the code does not already exist a deposit is reserved from the caller and unreserved only when [Self::remove_code] is called. The size of the reserve depends on the instrumented size of the the supplied code.

If the code already exists in storage it will still return Ok and upgrades the in storage version to the current InstructionWeights::version.

determinism: If this is set to any other value but [Determinism::Enforced] then the only way to use this code is to delegate call into it from an offchain execution. Set to [Determinism::Enforced] if in doubt.

# Note

Anyone can instantiate a contract from any uploaded code and thus prevent its removal. To avoid this situation a constructor could employ access control so that it can only be instantiated by permissioned entities. The same is true when uploading through [Self::instantiate_with_code].

Attributes¶

Name	Type
code	`Vec<u8>`
storage_deposit_limit	`Option<<BalanceOf<T> as codec::HasCompact>::Type>`
determinism	`Determinism`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Contracts', 'upload_code', {
    'code': 'Bytes',
    'determinism': (
        'Enforced',
        'Relaxed',
    ),
    'storage_deposit_limit': (
        None,
        'u128',
    ),
}
)

Events¶

Called¶

A contract was called either by a plain account or another contract.

# Note

Please keep in mind that like all events this is only emitted for successful calls. This is because on failure all storage changes including events are rolled back.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
caller	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
contract	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`

CodeRemoved¶

A code with the specified hash was removed.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
code_hash	`T::Hash`	`scale_info::12`

CodeStored¶

Code with the specified hash has been stored.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
code_hash	`T::Hash`	`scale_info::12`

ContractCodeUpdated¶

A contract's code was updated.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
contract	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
new_code_hash	`T::Hash`	`scale_info::12`
old_code_hash	`T::Hash`	`scale_info::12`

ContractEmitted¶

A custom event emitted by the contract.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
contract	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
data	`Vec<u8>`	`Bytes`

DelegateCalled¶

A contract delegate called a code hash.

# Note

Please keep in mind that like all events this is only emitted for successful calls. This is because on failure all storage changes including events are rolled back.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
contract	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
code_hash	`CodeHash<T>`	`scale_info::12`

Instantiated¶

Contract deployed by address at the specified address.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
deployer	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
contract	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`

Terminated¶

Contract has been removed.

# Note

The only way for a contract to be removed and emitting this event is by calling seal_terminate.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
contract	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
beneficiary	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`

Storage functions¶

CodeStorage¶

A mapping between an original code hash and instrumented wasm code, ready for execution.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Contracts', 'CodeStorage', ['scale_info::12']
)

Return value¶

{
    'code': 'Bytes',
    'determinism': ('Enforced', 'Relaxed'),
    'initial': 'u32',
    'instruction_weights_version': 'u32',
    'maximum': 'u32',
}

ContractInfoOf¶

The code associated with a given account.

TWOX-NOTE: SAFE since AccountId is a secure hash.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Contracts', 'ContractInfoOf', ['AccountId']
)

Return value¶

{
    'code_hash': 'scale_info::12',
    'deposit_account': 'AccountId',
    'storage_base_deposit': 'u128',
    'storage_byte_deposit': 'u128',
    'storage_bytes': 'u32',
    'storage_item_deposit': 'u128',
    'storage_items': 'u32',
    'trie_id': 'Bytes',
}

DeletionQueue¶

Evicted contracts that await child trie deletion.

Child trie deletion is a heavy operation depending on the amount of storage items stored in said trie. Therefore this operation is performed lazily in on_idle.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Contracts', 'DeletionQueue', ['u32']
)

Return value¶

'Bytes'

DeletionQueueCounter¶

A pair of monotonic counters used to track the latest contract marked for deletion and the latest deleted contract in queue.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Contracts', 'DeletionQueueCounter', []
)

Return value¶

{'delete_counter': 'u32', 'insert_counter': 'u32'}

Nonce¶

This is a monotonic counter incremented on contract instantiation.

This is used in order to generate unique trie ids for contracts. The trie id of a new contract is calculated from hash(account_id, nonce). The nonce is required because otherwise the following sequence would lead to a possible collision of storage:

Create a new contract.
Terminate the contract.
Immediately recreate the contract with the same account_id.

This is bad because the contents of a trie are deleted lazily and there might be storage of the old instantiation still in it when the new contract is created. Please note that we can't replace the counter by the block number because the sequence above can happen in the same block. We also can't keep the account counter in memory only because storage is the only way to communicate across different extrinsics in the same block.

# Note

Do not use it to determine the number of contracts. It won't be decremented if a contract is destroyed.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Contracts', 'Nonce', []
)

Return value¶

'u64'

OwnerInfoOf¶

A mapping between an original code hash and its owner information.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Contracts', 'OwnerInfoOf', ['scale_info::12']
)

Return value¶

{'deposit': 'u128', 'owner': 'AccountId', 'refcount': 'u64'}

PristineCode¶

A mapping from an original code hash to the original code, untouched by instrumentation.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Contracts', 'PristineCode', ['scale_info::12']
)

Return value¶

'Bytes'

Constants¶

DefaultDepositLimit¶

Fallback value to limit the storage deposit if it's not being set by the caller.

Value¶

107642880000000

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Contracts', 'DefaultDepositLimit')

DepositPerByte¶

The amount of balance a caller has to pay for each byte of storage.

# Note

Changing this value for an existing chain might need a storage migration.

Value¶

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Contracts', 'DepositPerByte')

DepositPerItem¶

The amount of balance a caller has to pay for each storage item.

# Note

Changing this value for an existing chain might need a storage migration.

Value¶

100000000000

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Contracts', 'DepositPerItem')

MaxCodeLen¶

The maximum length of a contract code in bytes. This limit applies to the instrumented version of the code. Therefore instantiate_with_code can fail even when supplying a wasm binary below this maximum size.

The value should be chosen carefully taking into the account the overall memory limit your runtime has, as well as the maximum allowed callstack depth. Look into the integrity_test() for some insights.

Value¶

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Contracts', 'MaxCodeLen')

MaxDebugBufferLen¶

The maximum length of the debug buffer in bytes.

Value¶

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Contracts', 'MaxDebugBufferLen')

MaxStorageKeyLen¶

The maximum allowable length in bytes for storage keys.

Value¶

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Contracts', 'MaxStorageKeyLen')

Schedule¶

Cost schedule and limits.

Value¶

{
    'host_fn_weights': {
        'account_reentrance_count': {'proof_size': 40, 'ref_time': 260005},
        'address': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 332291},
        'balance': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 1449599},
        'block_number': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 344488},
        'call': {'proof_size': 2732, 'ref_time': 459419071},
        'call_per_cloned_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 591},
        'call_transfer_surcharge': {'proof_size': 5154, 'ref_time': 284736740},
        'caller': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 339913},
        'caller_is_origin': {'proof_size': 3, 'ref_time': 165823},
        'clear_storage': {'proof_size': 289, 'ref_time': 130854896},
        'clear_storage_per_byte': {'proof_size': 1, 'ref_time': 74},
        'code_hash': {'proof_size': 2719, 'ref_time': 29131820},
        'contains_storage': {'proof_size': 289, 'ref_time': 29684126},
        'contains_storage_per_byte': {'proof_size': 1, 'ref_time': 99},
        'debug_message': {'proof_size': 7, 'ref_time': 230285},
        'debug_message_per_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 731},
        'delegate_call': {'proof_size': 2572, 'ref_time': 355646517},
        'deposit_event': {'proof_size': 10, 'ref_time': 3470410},
        'deposit_event_per_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 583},
        'deposit_event_per_topic': {'proof_size': 2508, 'ref_time': 127163531},
        'ecdsa_recover': {'proof_size': 77, 'ref_time': 36733552},
        'ecdsa_to_eth_address': {'proof_size': 42, 'ref_time': 9185896},
        'gas': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 133607},
        'gas_left': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 328899},
        'get_storage': {'proof_size': 297, 'ref_time': 29948021},
        'get_storage_per_byte': {'proof_size': 1, 'ref_time': 717},
        'hash_blake2_128': {'proof_size': 8, 'ref_time': 410177},
        'hash_blake2_128_per_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 911},
        'hash_blake2_256': {'proof_size': 8, 'ref_time': 413343},
        'hash_blake2_256_per_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 908},
        'hash_keccak_256': {'proof_size': 8, 'ref_time': 733879},
        'hash_keccak_256_per_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 3127},
        'hash_sha2_256': {'proof_size': 8, 'ref_time': 572296},
        'hash_sha2_256_per_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 3892},
        'input': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 267302},
        'input_per_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 587},
        'instantiate': {'proof_size': 5205, 'ref_time': 991428013},
        'instantiate_per_input_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 1145},
        'instantiate_per_salt_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 1315},
        'instantiate_transfer_surcharge': {
            'proof_size': 2634,
            'ref_time': 240239834,
        },
        'instantiation_nonce': {'proof_size': 3, 'ref_time': 138382},
        'is_contract': {'proof_size': 2715, 'ref_time': 28331781},
        'minimum_balance': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 324693},
        'now': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 328235},
        'own_code_hash': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 409923},
        'r#return': {'proof_size': 45, 'ref_time': 1733181},
        'random': {'proof_size': 10, 'ref_time': 1771297},
        'reentrance_count': {'proof_size': 3, 'ref_time': 159851},
        'return_per_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 177},
        'set_code_hash': {'proof_size': 3090, 'ref_time': 296447984},
        'set_storage': {'proof_size': 293, 'ref_time': 131005187},
        'set_storage_per_new_byte': {'proof_size': 0, 'ref_time': 410},
        'set_storage_per_old_byte': {'proof_size': 1, 'ref_time': 27},
        'sr25519_verify': {'proof_size': 112, 'ref_time': 47527740},
        'sr25519_verify_per_byte': {'proof_size': 1, 'ref_time': 4693},
        'take_storage': {'proof_size': 297, 'ref_time': 131167176},
        'take_storage_per_byte': {'proof_size': 1, 'ref_time': 667},
        'terminate': {'proof_size': 7781, 'ref_time': 1060758930},
        'transfer': {'proof_size': 2520, 'ref_time': 160149946},
        'value_transferred': {'proof_size': 6, 'ref_time': 329911},
        'weight_to_fee': {'proof_size': 10, 'ref_time': 1337653},
    },
    'instruction_weights': {
        'br': 1589,
        'br_if': 2431,
        'br_table': 4798,
        'br_table_per_entry': 42,
        'call': 15983,
        'call_indirect': 20313,
        'call_per_local': 1243,
        'fallback': 0,
        'global_get': 6899,
        'global_set': 7359,
        'i32wrapi64': 766,
        'i64add': 1445,
        'i64and': 1244,
        'i64clz': 886,
        'i64const': 1468,
        'i64ctz': 798,
        'i64divs': 7441,
        'i64divu': 6212,
        'i64eq': 1554,
        'i64eqz': 724,
        'i64extendsi32': 918,
        'i64extendui32': 872,
        'i64ges': 1542,
        'i64geu': 1574,
        'i64gts': 1441,
        'i64gtu': 1674,
        'i64les': 1570,
        'i64leu': 1658,
        'i64load': 3401,
        'i64lts': 1565,
        'i64ltu': 1564,
        'i64mul': 1353,
        'i64ne': 1532,
        'i64or': 1344,
        'i64popcnt': 797,
        'i64rems': 7880,
        'i64remu': 6336,
        'i64rotl': 1586,
        'i64rotr': 1447,
        'i64shl': 1442,
        'i64shrs': 1706,
        'i64shru': 1448,
        'i64store': 3077,
        'i64sub': 1695,
        'i64xor': 1472,
        'local_get': 980,
        'local_set': 2141,
        'local_tee': 907,
        'memory_current': 2279,
        'memory_grow': 13181115,
        'r#if': 6113,
        'select': 2033,
        'version': 4,
    },
    'limits': {
        'br_table_size': 256,
        'event_topics': 4,
        'globals': 256,
        'locals': 1024,
        'memory_pages': 16,
        'parameters': 128,
        'payload_len': 16384,
        'runtime_memory': 134217728,
        'subject_len': 32,
        'table_size': 4096,
    },
}

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Contracts', 'Schedule')

UnsafeUnstableInterface¶

Make contract callable functions marked as \#[unstable] available.

Contracts that use \#[unstable] functions won't be able to be uploaded unless this is set to true. This is only meant for testnets and dev nodes in order to experiment with new features.

# Warning

Do not set to true on productions chains.

Value¶

True

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Contracts', 'UnsafeUnstableInterface')

Errors¶

CodeInUse¶

Code removal was denied because the code is still in use by at least one contract.

CodeNotFound¶

No code could be found at the supplied code hash.

CodeRejected¶

The contract's code was found to be invalid during validation or instrumentation.

The most likely cause of this is that an API was used which is not supported by the node. This happens if an older node is used with a new version of ink!. Try updating your node to the newest available version.

A more detailed error can be found on the node console if debug messages are enabled by supplying -lruntime::contracts=debug.

CodeTooLarge¶

The code supplied to instantiate_with_code exceeds the limit specified in the current schedule.

ContractNotFound¶

No contract was found at the specified address.

ContractReverted¶

The contract ran to completion but decided to revert its storage changes. Please note that this error is only returned from extrinsics. When called directly or via RPC an Ok will be returned. In this case the caller needs to inspect the flags to determine whether a reversion has taken place.

ContractTrapped¶

Contract trapped during execution.

DecodingFailed¶

Input passed to a contract API function failed to decode as expected type.

DuplicateContract¶

A contract with the same AccountId already exists.

Indeterministic¶

An indetermistic code was used in a context where this is not permitted.

InputForwarded¶

seal_call forwarded this contracts input. It therefore is no longer available.

InvalidCallFlags¶

Invalid combination of flags supplied to seal_call or seal_delegate_call.

InvalidScheduleVersion¶

A new schedule must have a greater version than the current one.

MaxCallDepthReached¶

Performing a call was denied because the calling depth reached the limit of what is specified in the schedule.

NoChainExtension¶

The chain does not provide a chain extension. Calling the chain extension results in this error. Note that this usually shouldn't happen as deploying such contracts is rejected.

OutOfBounds¶

A buffer outside of sandbox memory was passed to a contract API function.

OutOfGas¶

The executed contract exhausted its gas limit.

OutputBufferTooSmall¶

The output buffer supplied to a contract API call was too small.

RandomSubjectTooLong¶

The subject passed to seal_random exceeds the limit.

ReentranceDenied¶

A call tried to invoke a contract that is flagged as non-reentrant. The only other cause is that a call from a contract into the runtime tried to call back into pallet-contracts. This would make the whole pallet reentrant with regard to contract code execution which is not supported.

StorageDepositLimitExhausted¶

More storage was created than allowed by the storage deposit limit.

StorageDepositNotEnoughFunds¶

Origin doesn't have enough balance to pay the required storage deposits.

TerminatedInConstructor¶

A contract self destructed in its constructor.

This can be triggered by a call to seal_terminate.

TerminatedWhileReentrant¶

Termination of a contract is not allowed while the contract is already on the call stack. Can be triggered by seal_terminate.

TooManyTopics¶

The amount of topics passed to seal_deposit_events exceeds the limit.

TransferFailed¶

Performing the requested transfer failed. Probably because there isn't enough free balance in the sender's account.

ValueTooLarge¶

The size defined in T::MaxValueSize was exceeded.