Balances¶

Calls¶

force_transfer¶

Exactly as transfer, except the origin must be root and the source account may be specified. # <weight> - Same as transfer, but additional read and write because the source account is not assumed to be in the overlay. # </weight>

Attributes¶

Name	Type
source	`<T::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source`
dest	`<T::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source`
value	`T::Balance`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Balances', 'force_transfer', {
    'dest': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
    'source': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

force_unreserve¶

Unreserve some balance from a user by force.

Can only be called by ROOT.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
who	`<T::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source`
amount	`T::Balance`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Balances', 'force_unreserve', {
    'amount': 'u128',
    'who': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
}
)

set_balance¶

Set the balances of a given account.

This will alter FreeBalance and ReservedBalance in storage. it will also alter the total issuance of the system (TotalIssuance) appropriately. If the new free or reserved balance is below the existential deposit, it will reset the account nonce (frame_system::AccountNonce).

The dispatch origin for this call is root.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
who	`<T::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source`
new_free	`T::Balance`
new_reserved	`T::Balance`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Balances', 'set_balance', {
    'new_free': 'u128',
    'new_reserved': 'u128',
    'who': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
}
)

transfer¶

Transfer some liquid free balance to another account.

transfer will set the FreeBalance of the sender and receiver. If the sender's account is below the existential deposit as a result of the transfer, the account will be reaped.

The dispatch origin for this call must be Signed by the transactor.

# <weight> - Dependent on arguments but not critical, given proper implementations for input config types. See related functions below. - It contains a limited number of reads and writes internally and no complex computation.

Related functions:

ensure_can_withdraw is always called internally but has a bounded complexity.
Transferring balances to accounts that did not exist before will cause T::OnNewAccount::on_new_account to be called.
Removing enough funds from an account will trigger T::DustRemoval::on_unbalanced.
transfer_keep_alive works the same way as transfer, but has an additional check that the transfer will not kill the origin account.

Origin account is already in memory, so no DB operations for them. # </weight>

Attributes¶

Name	Type
dest	`<T::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source`
value	`T::Balance`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Balances', 'transfer', {
    'dest': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

transfer_all¶

Transfer the entire transferable balance from the caller account.

NOTE: This function only attempts to transfer transferable balances. This means that any locked, reserved, or existential deposits (when keep_alive is true), will not be transferred by this function. To ensure that this function results in a killed account, you might need to prepare the account by removing any reference counters, storage deposits, etc...

The dispatch origin of this call must be Signed.

dest: The recipient of the transfer.
keep_alive: A boolean to determine if the transfer_all operation should send all of the funds the account has, causing the sender account to be killed (false), or transfer everything except at least the existential deposit, which will guarantee to keep the sender account alive (true). # <weight>
O(1). Just like transfer, but reading the user's transferable balance first. #</weight>

Attributes¶

Name	Type
dest	`<T::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source`
keep_alive	`bool`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Balances', 'transfer_all', {
    'dest': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
    'keep_alive': 'bool',
}
)

transfer_keep_alive¶

Same as the [transfer] call, but with a check that the transfer will not kill the origin account.

99% of the time you want [transfer] instead.

Attributes¶

Name	Type
dest	`<T::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source`
value	`T::Balance`

Python¶

call = substrate.compose_call(
    'Balances', 'transfer_keep_alive', {
    'dest': {
        'Address20': '[u8; 20]',
        'Address32': '[u8; 32]',
        'Id': 'AccountId',
        'Index': (),
        'Raw': 'Bytes',
    },
    'value': 'u128',
}
)

Events¶

BalanceSet¶

A balance was set by root.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
who	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
free	`T::Balance`	`u128`
reserved	`T::Balance`	`u128`

Deposit¶

Some amount was deposited (e.g. for transaction fees).

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
who	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
amount	`T::Balance`	`u128`

DustLost¶

An account was removed whose balance was non-zero but below ExistentialDeposit, resulting in an outright loss.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
account	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
amount	`T::Balance`	`u128`

Endowed¶

An account was created with some free balance.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
account	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
free_balance	`T::Balance`	`u128`

ReserveRepatriated¶

Some balance was moved from the reserve of the first account to the second account. Final argument indicates the destination balance type.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
from	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
to	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
amount	`T::Balance`	`u128`
destination_status	`Status`	`('Free', 'Reserved')`

Reserved¶

Some balance was reserved (moved from free to reserved).

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
who	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
amount	`T::Balance`	`u128`

Slashed¶

Some amount was removed from the account (e.g. for misbehavior).

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
who	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
amount	`T::Balance`	`u128`

Transfer¶

Transfer succeeded.

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
from	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
to	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
amount	`T::Balance`	`u128`

Unreserved¶

Some balance was unreserved (moved from reserved to free).

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
who	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
amount	`T::Balance`	`u128`

Withdraw¶

Some amount was withdrawn from the account (e.g. for transaction fees).

Attributes¶

Name	Type	Composition
who	`T::AccountId`	`AccountId`
amount	`T::Balance`	`u128`

Storage functions¶

Account¶

The Balances pallet example of storing the balance of an account.

# Example

nocompile impl pallet_balances::Config for Runtime { type AccountStore = StorageMapShim<Self::Account<Runtime>, frame_system::Provider<Runtime>, AccountId, Self::AccountData<Balance>> }

You can also store the balance of an account in the System pallet.

# Example

nocompile impl pallet_balances::Config for Runtime { type AccountStore = System }

But this comes with tradeoffs, storing account balances in the system pallet stores frame_system data alongside the account data contrary to storing account balances in the Balances pallet, which uses a StorageMap to store balances data only. NOTE: This is only used in the case that this pallet is used to store balances.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Balances', 'Account', ['AccountId']
)

Return value¶

{
    'fee_frozen': 'u128',
    'free': 'u128',
    'misc_frozen': 'u128',
    'reserved': 'u128',
}

Locks¶

Any liquidity locks on some account balances. NOTE: Should only be accessed when setting, changing and freeing a lock.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Balances', 'Locks', ['AccountId']
)

Return value¶

[{'amount': 'u128', 'id': '[u8; 8]', 'reasons': ('Fee', 'Misc', 'All')}]

Reserves¶

Named reserves on some account balances.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Balances', 'Reserves', ['AccountId']
)

Return value¶

[{'amount': 'u128', 'id': '[u8; 8]'}]

StorageVersion¶

Storage version of the pallet.

This is set to v2.0.0 for new networks.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Balances', 'StorageVersion', []
)

Return value¶

('V1_0_0', 'V2_0_0')

TotalIssuance¶

The total units issued in the system.

Python¶

result = substrate.query(
    'Balances', 'TotalIssuance', []
)

Return value¶

'u128'

Constants¶

ExistentialDeposit¶

The minimum amount required to keep an account open.

Value¶

1000000000000

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Balances', 'ExistentialDeposit')

MaxLocks¶

The maximum number of locks that should exist on an account. Not strictly enforced, but used for weight estimation.

Value¶

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Balances', 'MaxLocks')

MaxReserves¶

The maximum number of named reserves that can exist on an account.

Value¶

Python¶

constant = substrate.get_constant('Balances', 'MaxReserves')

Errors¶

DeadAccount¶

Beneficiary account must pre-exist

ExistentialDeposit¶

Value too low to create account due to existential deposit

ExistingVestingSchedule¶

A vesting schedule already exists for this account

InsufficientBalance¶

Balance too low to send value

KeepAlive¶

Transfer/payment would kill account

LiquidityRestrictions¶

Account liquidity restrictions prevent withdrawal

TooManyReserves¶

Number of named reserves exceed MaxReserves

VestingBalance¶

Vesting balance too high to send value